Reasons growth abnormalities.
Areas of compost not grown with mycelium or poor mycelium growth in the compost. | ||
• Pythium disease (black compost); • The presence of nematodes or fly larvae; • Improperly prepared compost; • Ammonia remains in the compost; • Excessive compost humidity; • Degenerating strain; • Low-quality, diseased and nonviable mycelium; • Overly high compost temperature (above 30°C) on spawn growth stage. | ||
Poor and uneven mycelial growth in the casing layer. | ||
• overly high or low temperature of the mixture; • incorrect pH level of the mixture; • unsuitable mixture components; • poor mixing of casing soil ingredients; • overly humid or overly dry casing layer; • nonuniform casing soil application (different height); • casing layer that is too thick (above 6 cm); • poor mycelial growth; • the infection of compost by competing fungi and the presence of pests, such as nematodes. | ||
The formation of stroma | ||
• low-quality degenerating strain; • mycelial growth in a poorly ventilated casing layer, with a high concentration of carbon dioxide, high temperature and humidity and a high volume of evaporation; • overly long period of mycelial growth in the casing layer. The problem can be solved by regulating the ventilation system, lowering the carbon dioxide concentration and the air temperature; and slight loosening of the casing layer; in serious cases, casing layer might be applied again. | ||
Mycelial growth in the casing layer and its subsequent disappearance. | ||
• virus disease; • nematodes; • overly high pH level; • improper casing mixture preparation; • improper watering of the casing layer. | ||
Pins do not form. | ||
• imbalanced pH level; • casing layer that is overly humid or overly dry; • an excess content of magnesium in lime; • high level CO2; • improper pinning technique; • degenerating strain; • the presence of nematodes; • virus disease. | ||
The appearance of early mushrooms (before or at pinning). | ||
• a thin casing layer along the edges of the beds; • nonobservance of the climatic regime on the stage of mycelial growth in the compost, that is, early entry of fresh air and the decrease of CO2 concentration; • low temperature. | ||
Poor or insufficient pinning. | ||
• nonobservance of the pinning regime for a specified strain (of poor pin formation); • low air humidity; • excessively high concentration of CO2; • excessively high air temperature; • casing surfaces damaged with a strong water head at watering; • improper casing layer structure. | ||
Uneven pinning. | ||
• nonuniform casing layer (different height); • nonuniform watering of the casing layer; • casing layer damages caused by a strong water head; • nonuniform distribution of air in the growing room and as a result of different microclimate conditions. | ||
Excessive (abundant) pinning. | ||
• inappropriate pinning regime for easily-pinning strain; • abrupt pinning regime, that is, a sudden decrease in compost and air temperature; • thin casing layer. | ||
Dying pins. | ||
• strain extinction; • excessively high level of humidity; • excessively high temperature; • a lack of fresh air, and a high level of CO2; • insufficient nutrition; • insufficient amount of moisture in the casing layer; • untimely irrigation (too early); • inappropriate climate conditions after irrigation (the formation of condensate on mushrooms); • virus disease; • severe pest infestation (flies, nematodes) or diseases. | ||
The formation of pins inside the casing layer and dirty mushrooms. | ||
• mistakes during the pinning process (untimely pinning); • a very dry casing surface; • the casing soil composition due to which pieces of peat remain on mushroom caps; • improper harvesting technique. | ||
The formation and mushroom growth in clusters. | ||
• tendency of the strains to form clusters; • low periodical air temperatures during pinning. | ||
The deformation of fruit bodies, misshapen mushrooms, mushroom intergrowth. | ||
• low-quality, degenerating strain; • excessive level CO2, imbalanced climatic conditions; • Mycogone or Verticillium diseases; • The effect of a great amount of pesticides and other chemicals. | ||
The formation of scales or «crocodile skin». | ||
• very dry air; • strong air movement with low relative humidity; • shortcomings in the air supply and distribution system; • tendency of the strain to form scales; • damage done by pesticides. | ||
Outgrowths on mushroom caps – «cock’s comb». | ||
• an overdose of pesticides; • casing layer infected with chemicals; • the effect of exhaust and harmful gases, heating appliances, diesel oil, formalin vapors, dissolvers, paint. | ||
Tough gills and open veil. | ||
• the susceptibility of some strains; • disruptions of climate conditions. | ||
Thick stipes, small caps. | ||
• excessively high CO2 level on the initial stage of growth. | ||
Long stipes. | ||
• the growth of a big amount of mushrooms due to excessive pin formation, accumulation of a great amount of CO2; • mummy disease; • virus disease. | ||
Hollow and split stipes. | ||
• improper irrigation; • the application of moist casing layer, its drying, and quickly bringing it to the required humidity level. | ||
A small cap on a normal stipe. | ||
• improper climatic conditions for specific strains; • the susceptibility of some strains. | ||
Watery mushrooms. | ||
• virus or bacterial disease; • the nearness of areas colonized with trichoderma; • improper irrigation regimes; | ||
A change in color of fruit bodies (darkening). | ||
• bacterial blotch disease; • phenolic vapors; • improper use of pesticides; • the disruption of climatic conditions after irrigation; • leaking of water from the beds of compost above. |
Shaurya:
Thanks sir si nice of you
James:
What can I use as a substitute for peat moss as casing soil? I thick layer of mycelia known as stroma...
Compost production: estimation of the process according...sean toronto ontario canada:
Can you help me understand the plenum in the aerated tunnel? I need to know what calculations i need...
Mushrooms in KazahstanMuhammad Abbas, Peshawar, Pakistan:
Assalam-o-Alaikum!
Without chicken manure compost? Yes, it's possible...Hi!
I would like to serve my services for Kazakhstan mushroom companies or Russian...
shahbaz h.:
It looks good ,but how about production i.e mushroom kg/m2
Without chicken manure compost? Yes, it's possible...Rajeev gupta:
Please Let me know the alternative used for Compost in place of chicken manure
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Arkansas, U.S.:
What size bags are used in the pictures and where is a good place to source them?
How long can mushrooms be kept fresh?U.Harsha vardhan, Nellore,Andhra pradesh:
How to prevent inked caps in mushrooms
Proteins in compost at the end of phase IIShaurya india:
I also agree with sir basic thi g is ti perform the phase 2 as per protocol rest observe it and done